Publications

Economic Aspects of Regeneration of Etchants

Winter 1986

The chemical machining industry, as well as the printed

circuit industry, have long considered etching the backbone of

the process.

Dec 2006

Effects of Anti-Puddling Pre-Etch on Etch Uniformity for Chemical Machining

Etchant puddling on the top surface of large panels is an

effect that has been known for many years.

Effects of Mixing of Air with Etching Solution on Characteristics of Spray Etching

Fall 1985

Introduction –

It is an old and a new problem to be solved to reduce the side

etch as small as possible in the photo chemical machining.

Winter 1993

Electrochemical Machining and Its Use in Finishing of Electrodischarge Machined Dies

Dies and molds are now commonly produced by electrodischarge

machining (EOM), the sparks in the process eroding

metal preferentially from the component, such that its shape

gradually becomes complementary to that of the tool electrode.

Fall 1997

Electrochemical Micromachining of Shape Memory Alloy Sheets

In development of micro electromechanical systems,

shape memory property has been recognized as

an excellent canddate for microactuators.

Spring 1987

Electroforming

Plating can be roughly divided into three main categories -plating

for decorative purposes, plating to resist or prevent

corrosion, and plating for functional purposes.

Electroforming and Chemical Milling of Perforated Products: A Comparison

Spring 1986

Summary

Among the various technologies available for the production

of perforated flat metal products, such as stamping, spark

erosion, laser cutting, mechanical milling, etc., two technologies

deserve a better knowledge because of their unique combination

ofa high quality level with respect to accuracy and reproducibility

combined with relatively low production costs.

Electrolytic Photoetching

Summer 1982

In the Eastman Kodak literature of the 1960s many references

are made to electrolytic photoetching

as an alternative process to the more conventional

methods of PCM, such as immersion and spray-etching.

Summer 1987

Electrolytic Photoetching and Its Applications

The technique of electrolytic photoetching involves production

of a resist stencil on a metal sheet by standard procedures

used in the photochemical (PCM) industry (1).

Electrolytic Photoetching of Vitrovac 6025 for the Production of Magnetic Recording Heads

Spring 1985

Work carried out in 1959 at the California Institute

of Technology yielded a novel gold-silicon alloy

with an amorphous structure’.

Spring 1981

Electrolytical Regeneration Processes of Common Etchants

Chemical etching has become an important part in the

production of shaped parts, printed circuit boards, and chemical

machining.

Spring/Summer

1995

Electronic Photoresists for Printed Wiring Board Application

The trend toward higher density, finer line circuit

board geometries continues in Japan as elsewhere.

While 150 –

Dec 2009

Electronically Releasing Adhesives

The 600 pound I-beam is suspended above the

ground, held securely in place by a single square

inch of an epoxy adhesive.

Spring 1990

Electrophoretic Photoresist for Chemical Machining

During the last 30 years, resists supplied to the etching and

plating industries have been both evolutionary and revolutionary.

Initially the commercial products used were the solvent

negative working liquid resist lacquers and the positive working

novolaks.

Summer 1990

Electropolishing of Stainless Steel: Meeting the Materials Requirements for Today’s Demanding Applications

Electropolished stainless steel materials are finding increasing

use in high purity gas lines, medical devices, and food processing

and packaging applications.

March 2001

Energy – Is your company in control? It is my intention not to tell you what to do,

but hopefully to make you think and see some

potential for improvement in your company

and act accordingly.

Winter 1988

Environmental Auditing: Management’s Key to Effective Environmental Compliance

Environmental auditing can be management’s key to effective

environmental compliance by assessing ones status with a

myriad of changing regulatory requirements.

Summer 1993

Environmentally Safe Dry Film Photo Resists

Background

As more industries move toward “green”

products and environmentally friendly processes, it is

important for the photochemical machining industry

to examine it’s processes.

EPA Regulations Impacting PWB Manufacturers

Winter 1984

The IPC has been interfacing with EPA on details

of these guidelines for over 10 years. Many industry

experts have made contributions to this activity.

Spring 1990

Equipment Used in the Powderless Etching Process

Both these topics relate to one of modern technology’s most

exciting and fascinating discoveries; the Selective Etchant, or the

Undercut Inhibitor.

June 2009

Ergonomic$ Pay$: Return on investment with a proactive ergonomic program

Are you seeing an increase in ergonomic related

injuries to your employees? Does the cost and

effort needed to implement an ergonomic program

appear to be excessive?

June 2000

Etchant/Panel Interface and Its Effect on Etching (and What You Can Do About It)

As most of us who depend on some form of etching

for making a living know, the etch ratc on the top

side ofthe panel being etched in a horizontal etcher

is not even across the entire panel.

Summer 1988

Etching AISI 316 Stainless Steel with Aqueous Ferric Chloride-Hydrochloric Acid Solutions

Introduction

Although stainless steel foils are the most frequently etched

class of ferrous materials, published information on how best to

photoetch them is scant.

Fall 1991

Etching as Architecture: A New Mural by Norman Achroyd, AKA, RE

The mural in the entrance hall ofRed Lion Court, London SE1 is

the outcome of a remarkable story of support and collaboration

between the artist, the architect, and the client.

Etching of Amorphous Alloys

Winter 1986

Recently amorphous alloys have become more important.

Quite a number of alloys are commercially available nowadays.

Suppliers include Allied Chemicals (tradename Metglas),

Vacuum Schmelze (Vitrovac), Hitachi etc.

Evaluating the Registration of Mirror-Image Photoresist Stencils

July 1981

For the production of photoctched metal parts, by etching

through an adherent photographic stencil, the minimum size of

hole that can be made and the control of hole size are both

limited by undercut.

Examination of Etched Samples from Round Robin Test Phase II

Spring 1985

Preparation of Samples for Scanning Electron Microscope

Evaluation was completed by Dean Thayer and Charles Ring of

Interconics, BMC Industries.

Summer 1992

Experience with Ferric Chloride Regeneration

Introduction

As stated in other publications, e.g~ by David Allen (ReL I), the

need for recycling our chemicals rapidly rises as the

environmental regulations are tightened.

Emeritus Professor of Microengineering, Cranfield University, UK

This paper was presented at the PCMI Conference, Chantilly, France on 20th May 2019

As nickel-containing metals are dissolved into ferric chloride etchant, the concentration of nickel ion builds up in solution even when the etchant is being regenerated.

Federal Right to Know Act

Summer 1984

Department of Labor / OSHA

Published in the Federal Register November 25,1983, Vol. 48, No.

228, Rules and Regulations

Title: “Hazard Commumcation”